Civil Engineer Mantra

Hello friends,Today i want share some information about clear cover..so let's know about that. What Is Clear Cover? Clear cover is the distance between the outer surface of concrete to the nearest surface of reinforcing bar. What Is Effective Cover? Effective cover is the distance measured from the face of the member to the center of area(centroid) of the main reinforcement. This is the dimension mostly used for design calculation. Effective cover = Clear cover + Dia of stirrups/ links + 0.5 x Dia of main reinforcement bar. Also, Effective clear cover Nominal Cover 1.Footing and Raft top.   : 50 mm 2. Raft Foundation bottom:75 mm 3.Raft Top                   : 50 mm 4.Strap Beam               : 50 mm 5. Grade Slab.             : 20 mm 6. Column.                 : 40 mm 7.Shear wall.        ...

  Why RCC Slab Cracks After One Day Of Casting 1. Environment Temperature –  The weather in which you are casting your concrete is very vital for your concreting process. If you do not pay attention, then cracks are inevitable in your slab. You always try not to concreting in very hot weather. Try to concrete in the evening time so that the weather will cool down a bit. Due to the provision of concreting in more hot weather, the plastic shrinkage in the slab is developed, due to which the cracks are there, which we have to avoid. 2. Concrete Temperature –  Now we will talk about the temperature of concrete, due to which there are chances of getting a lot of cracks. According to ASTM C 1064-4, the temperature of concrete should be in between 27.7 ° C to 35 ° C. If the temperature of concrete is more than 35 ° C, then we should use ice in concrete. 3. Water Cement Ratio –  If the water-cement ratio is not maintained properly, its effect is seen in the form ...

 🔹 Retaining wall : A retaining wall holds back or ‘retains’ the soil or water behind it. The component behind the retaining wall that exerts pressure on it can be soil, earth filling, liquid pressure, sand, etc. The pressure caused on the retaining wall due to the soil or water behind it can be humongous and therefore proper expertise and knowledge is required to design a retaining wall or think about retaining wall ideas. The best retaining wall ideas to build one may not be sufficient to construct a strong retaining wall that can withstand any existing pressure.

 📌 Function of stirrups  🔹 Stirrups are placed at proper intervals to beams to prevent them from deformation/shear failure of beam. 🔹 Stirrups are sometimes placed diagonally and often vertically as well. This is done to prevent shear failure which is usually diagonal in case of cracks in beams. 🔹 Steel rebar are stronger than stirrups. However, often it is seen that stirrups are used along with rebar. While rebar act as the bones of the concrete, the stirrups aid the rebar to remain straight and provide enhanced backing to the column of concrete inside which it is placed. 🔹 Main bars are confined by transverse steel tie bars in order to maintain their positions. 🔹It improve the ductility and strength of structure. 🔹 At the time of concreting it prevent movement of main reinforcement. 🔹 In order to prevent bursting of lateral reinforcement into the concrete cover by holding the longitudinal bars in position. 🔹 They protect RCC struc...

 Strength of Material ⭐️Imp. One liners:- ❇️Endurance Limit: The stress level below which  a material has high probability of not failing under reversal of Stress is known as Endurance limit... OR The stress level at which a material fractures under large no. Of reversals of Stress is called as Endurance Limit... ❇️Ductility:- Amount by which material can be Drawn out in tension before fracture. ❇️Malleability:- Ability of Material to be deformed or spread into different directions. This is usually caused by Compressive forces during Rolling,Pressing & Hammering. ❇️Creep:- Material undergoes additional deformation with passage of time under sustained loading within Elastic limit. ❇️Fatigue:- Deterioration of a material under repeated cycles of Stress or Strain resulting in progressive cracking that eventually produces fracture. ❇️Tenacity:- Property to resist fracture under action of Tensile load. ❇️Toughness:- Ability to absorb Mechanical energy upto failure. ...